Cold extrusion is to put the metal blank in the cold extrusion cavity, at room temperature, through the press fixed punch to the blank pressure, so that the metal blank plastic deformation of the processing method, obviously, cold extrusion processing is to rely on the mold to control the flow of metal, by a large number of metal volume transfer to form parts. In terms of extrusion equipment, China has the ability to design and manufacture extrusion presses at all levels of tonnage. In addition to general mechanical presses, hydraulic presses and cold extrusion presses, friction presses and high speed and high energy equipment have been successfully used for cold extrusion production.

The cold heading process is one of the new pressure machining processes for metal with little or no cutting. It is a processing method that uses the plastic deformation of the metal under the action of external force, and with the help of the mold, the metal volume is redistributed and transferred, so as to form the required parts or blanks. The cold heading process is most suitable for the production of bolts, screws, nuts, rivets, pins and other standard fasteners. The common equipment used in cold heading process is the special cold heading machine. If the production volume is not too large, it can also be replaced by a crank press or friction.

Cold heading and cold extrusion are basically deformation processing under the same conditions, but the mode of operation is not the same. Cold heading belongs to the forging deformation of smaller workpieces and is often used in fastener industry. Cold extrusion belongs to the extrusion deformation of larger workpieces, which is widely used. Cold heading is equivalent to a branch of cold extrusion, simply speaking, in the process of making bolts, the hexagonal head forming is cold heading, and the rod part shrinking is cold extrusion (extrusion). Non-cutting hexagonal flange bolts (multi-station forming) have both cold heading and cold extrusion. Before forming hexagonal nuts, only cold heading is available, and the hole extrusion in the back process is cold extrusion (positive and negative extrusion).

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